On This Day: 25 June

The three–year Carolingian Civil War reaches its climax as the heirs of Louis the Pious fight the decisive Battle of Fontenoy (Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of Italy and Pepin II of Aquitaine)		841
Edward III, son of Edward II, proclaimed King		1327
The Confession of Augsburg is presented to Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and read to the Diet		1530
Samuel de Champlain hoists the French flag in Nova Scotia: France's first settlement in North America		1604
Maria Theresa is crowned Queen of Hungary		1741
Admiral Nelson loses an arm after being wounded in battle		1797
The Duke of Wellington persuades the House of Lords to pass the Importation Act – repealing the Corn Laws		1846
A photograph of a barricaded street during the June Days uprising in France becomes the first known instance of photojournalism		1848
Gustave Flaubert goes on trial in Paris for offences against public decency in Madame Bovary		1857
US Civil War: the Seven Days' Battles begin		1862
Queen Isabella I of Spain abdicates		1870
General Custer makes his Last Stand at the Battle of the Little Big Horn River		1876
The first Sherlock Holmes story is published in the Strand magazine		1891
The Dunhuang manuscripts – a cache of ancient texts, of great historical and religious significance – are discovered in the Mogao Caves of Dunhuang, China, by Taoist monk Wang Yuanlu		1900
Marie Curie announces the discovery of radium		1903
Stravinsky's ballet The Firebird is premiered in Paris, bringing him to prominence as a composer		1910
30,000 US troops land at Brest, in northern France – the first to take part in World War I		1917
The first car telephone is exhibited in Germany		1925
England beat India by 158 runs in the first Test match between the two countries		1932
Dr. Douglas Hyde is inaugurated as the first president of the Republic of Ireland		1938
The French armistice with Germany comes into effect		1940
The RAF makes a 1,000–bomber raid on Berlin (Bremen – Times, 2004)		1942
General Sir Claude Auchinleck becomes commander of the Eighth Army		1942
Battle of Caen begins; US and Royal Navy ships bombard Cherbourg to support US Army units engaged in the Battle of Cherbourg		1944
The Diary of a Young Girl (better known as The Diary of Anne Frank) is published		1947
The Berlin airlift begins		1948
North Korean troops invade South Korea; the UN Security Council denounces this as a breach of the peace, and calls for an immediate ceasefire		1950
John Reginald Christie is sentenced to death for the murder of six women, including his wife Ethel		1953
Sophia Loren indicted on a charge of complicity in Carlo Ponti's bigamy		1962
Pancho Gonzales beats Charlie Passerell 22–24, 1–6, 16–14, 6–3, 11–9 in Wimbledon's longest match up to this date		1967
The Beatles perform All You Need Is Love at Abbey Road, commissioned by the BBC for live broadcast across five continents		1967
US Secretary of State William Rogers announces his initiative to encourage Egypt and Israel to engage in UN–led talks, to resolve the so–called "war of attrition" that has been raging along the Suez Canal since the Six Day War in 1967		1970
Education Secretary Margaret Thatcher announces the end of free milk for primary school pupils		1971
Erskine Childers succeeds Eamon de Valera as President of the Republic of Ireland		1973
Former White House counsel John Dean begins his testimony before the Senate's Watergate Committee		1973
Mozambique gains independence from Portugal		1975
The rainbow flag is used for the first time to represent gay pride, during the San Francisco Gay Freedom Day Parade		1978
Microsoft is restructured to become an incorporated business in its home state of Washington		1981
In the FIFA World Cup, West Germany and Austria contrive a 1–0 win for the former; both teams qualify for the second round, on goal difference, at the expense of Algeria – all three teams having 4 points		1982
Joan Collins and Swedish husband Peter Holm are divorced		1987
Serbia and Croatia declare themselves independent of Yugoslavia		1991
Kim Campbell is sworn in as Canada's first female Prime Minister		1992
19 US servicemen lose their lives, and over 100 are injured, by a truck bomb at a base in Saudi Arabia		1996
Russia's ageing Mir space station is damaged by collision with an unmanned supply craft		1997
Up to 200 white and Asian youths are involved in a series of violent clashes in pubs, shops and restaurants in Burnley, Lancashire		2001
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the ultra–conservative mayor of Tehran, wins a landslide victory in Iran's presidential poll		2005

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On This Day: 25 June